Laravel на VPS: установка, настройка Nginx и деплой приложения

Требования для Laravel на VPS

Laravel 11.x требует PHP 8.2+, расширения: BCMath, Ctype, cURL, DOM, Fileinfo, JSON, Mbstring, OpenSSL, PCRE, PDO, Tokenizer, XML. Также нужны Composer, Node.js (для npm) и база данных (MySQL/MariaDB или PostgreSQL).

Установка зависимостей

sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y php8.2-fpm php8.2-cli php8.2-mysql \
    php8.2-mbstring php8.2-xml php8.2-curl php8.2-zip php8.2-bcmath \
    php8.2-intl php8.2-redis nginx mysql-server git unzip

# Composer
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

Установка Laravel

cd /var/www
composer create-project laravel/laravel myapp
cd myapp
chmod -R 775 storage bootstrap/cache
chown -R www-data:www-data .

Настройка .env

cp .env.example .env
php artisan key:generate

nano .env

APP_ENV=production
APP_DEBUG=false
APP_URL=https://yourdomain.com

DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=myapp_db
DB_USERNAME=myapp_user
DB_PASSWORD=StrongPassword123

Nginx vhost для Laravel

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/myapp

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name yourdomain.com;
    root /var/www/myapp/public;
    index index.php;

    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff";

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }

    location ~ /\.(?!well-known).* {
        deny all;
    }
}

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/myapp /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo nginx -t && sudo systemctl reload nginx

Миграции и сборка

php artisan migrate --force
php artisan config:cache
php artisan route:cache
php artisan view:cache
npm install && npm run build

Supervisor для очередей Laravel

sudo apt install supervisor
sudo nano /etc/supervisor/conf.d/laravel-worker.conf

[program:laravel-worker]
process_name=%(program_name)s_%(process_num)02d
command=php /var/www/myapp/artisan queue:work --sleep=3 --tries=3 --max-time=3600
autostart=true
autorestart=true
user=www-data
numprocs=2
redirect_stderr=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/laravel-worker.log

sudo supervisorctl reread
sudo supervisorctl update
sudo supervisorctl start laravel-worker:*

Cron для Laravel Scheduler

sudo crontab -u www-data -e
# Добавить:
* * * * * cd /var/www/myapp && php artisan schedule:run >> /dev/null 2>&1